Acetylcholinesterase and Oxidative Stress Response Induced by Lead Acetate in Clarias gariepinus: The Mitigating Effects of Adansonia digitata Fruit Pulp

Hassan Abdulsalam; Mohammed Adam Chiroma; Joseph John Gadzama; Sani Dahiru; Halima Idrisa Gambo; Jamila Abdulhamid Atata; Joshua Tarsue Adeke; Sani Adamu; Sohnap James Sambo

doi:10.5455/JBRR.20240926054133

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate tissue acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and oxidative stress response induced by lead acetate (PbA) and the ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp (AEADFP) in Clarias gariepinus. Methods: A total of 120 Clarias gariepinus (185 ± 5 g) were assigned randomly into 6 groups, namely A, B, C, D, E and F of n=20. Group A was administered borehole water for 35 days; Group B, C, D, E and F were administered PbA for 14 days and subsequently borehole water, 195 mg/L, 390 mg/L, 585 mg/L of AEADFP and 15 mg/L of di-mercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), respectively, for 21 days. Four fish per group were randomly selected for brain and hepatic tissue samples collection for analysis of AChE activity and oxidative stress parameters respectively.Results: There was significant (p<0.05) elevation of AChE activity in the PbA-induced groups, at week 2 post-induction. Also, there was significant increase in Malonedialdehyde (MDA) concentration with resultant decrease in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the PbA-induced groups at week 2 post-induction. Contrarily, treatment of PbA-induced groups with AEADFP and DMSA significantly ameliorated the negative effects of PbA when compared with the PbA-induced but untreated group. Conclusion: This study suggested that PbA induced alteration in tissue AChE activity and oxidative stress parameters. However, it was found that AEADFP has a mitigating potential against PbA-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress by ameliorating the upsurge of AChE and MDA; and downturn of CAT, SOD, GPx and GSH. Hence, AEADFP can serve as a natural agent in the treatment of lead-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus.Keywords: Adansonia digitata, Clarias

Key words: Adansonia digitata, Clarias gariepinus, Acetylcholinesterase, Lead acetate, oxidative stress