Efficacy of different live infectious bursal disease vaccines on antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus and Newcastle disease vaccine La Sota in ISA brown chicks

Sanni Abdul Barka; Ochuko Orakpoghenor; Aliyu Danlami Andamin; Talatu Patience Markus; Paul Ayuba Abdu; Sunday Blessing Oladele; Aliyu Mohammed Wakawa; Felix Tertsua Akade; Shuaibu Aliyu Madugu; Mohammed Adam

doi:10.5455/JRVS.20230904044710

Abstract
Aim: In this study, the efficacy of five commercial live infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines on antibody (Ab) decay and response to a very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine La Sota in ISA Brown chicks were assessed.
Methods: Seven groups of chickens (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) comprising 50 chicks each were used for the study. Groups A, B, C, D, and E were vaccinated with Bur-706, MB-Strain, B87-Strain, Bursa-B2K, and HIPRA live IBD vaccines, respectively, at 14 and 28 days of age (doa), and challenged with a vvIBDV at 35 doa. Groups F and G served as positive and negative controls, respectively. At 42 doa, all groups were vaccinated with ND vaccine La Sota. Blood was collected at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 doa, and serum was harvested. The serum was analyzed for IBD virus (IBDV) Ab titres using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ND Ab titres using a haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test.
Results: Results revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher ELISA IBDV Ab titres in groups A to E than in F from 21 to 49 doa, with the highest in group D. At 49 doa, there was significantly (p < 0.05) higher HI Ab titre in groups A to E than in F with the highest in group D. In conclusion, the live IBDV vaccines were immunogenic following vaccination. The vaccines decreased the decay of IBDV Ab and mitigated the decreased response to ND vaccine La Sota in the chicks following the vvIBDV challenge, with more effects induced by Bursa-B2K.
Conclusion: The live vaccines (Bur-706, MB-Strain, B87-Strain, Bursa-B2K, and HIPRA) were immunogenic following vaccination.

Key words: infectious bursal disease, live vaccines, antibody titre, haemagglutination inhibition