Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and differences in pathological markers in infected domestic pigeons in Makurdi Metropolis.
Methods: In a cross - sectional study, 310 pigeons were sampled between January to November, 2020. Prevalence of infection, hematology, serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes were investigated.
Results: 275 (88.7%) pigeons were naturally infected with thirteen (13) species of helminths comprising of Cestodes namely; Raillietina echinobothrida 43.5% (135/310), R. tetragona 27.1% (84/310), R. cesticillus 6.4% (20/310), Amoebotaenia cuneata 3.9% (12/310), Choataenia infundibulum 2.6% (8/310), Hymenolepis cantaniana 5.8% (18/310) and Cotugnia proglottina 4.5% (14/310) and Nematodes namely; Ascaridia columbae 12.6% (39/310), Heterakis gallinarum 4.8% (15/310), Capillaria columbae 0.6% (2/310), Subulura brumpti 1% (3/310), Hartertia gallinarum 0.6% (2/310) and Amidostomum anseris 0.3% (1/310). The overall mean (± SD) total leucocyte counts, heterophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the helminths infected groups than non- infected pigeons. The overall mean (± SD) packed cell volume, total red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte counts and serum albumin showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences between non-infected, helminth-infected pigeons. Grossly, live helminths and parasitic nodules were observed in small intestine. Microscopically, there was necrosis of the intestinal epithelium and cypts, villi atrophy and leucocytes infiltration in sections from helminth-infected pigeons.
Conclusion: Thus, gastrointestinal helminths are prevalent in pigeons and are capable of causing differences of Pathological markers in infected birds.