Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Feces of Pigs in Gombe State, Nigeria: Implications for Public Health and Food Safety

Yusuf Madaki Lekko; Maryamu Musa; Juliana James Ndahi

doi:10.5455/JRVS.20250127063028

Abstract
Background and Aim: To improve animal health and productivity in pig farming, various forms of antibiotics have been employed and this has contributed to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of enterobacteriaece isolated from faeces of pigs.
Methods: A total of 60 pig faecal samples were collected randomly from various pig farms using sterile sample bottles. After incubation, samples were subculture on MacConkey and Blood agar plates. Biochemical test was carried out based on standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility Test was performed using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method and interpreted as described by Clinical laboratory standards institute as resistant (R), intermediate (I) and susceptible (S).
Results: For multiple antibiotic resistant pattern 82 Proteus isolates were resistant to CXT, SPX, CIP, AMC, AUG, OFX, AZM. with multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.853. Klebsiella with 52 isolates were resistant to LEV, CXT, SPX, CIP, AUG, GEN, PFX, OFX, AZM. with multiple antibiotic resistance index of 1.730. Salmonella with 40 isolates were resistant to LEV, CXT, SPX, CIP, AMC, AUG, GEN, PFX, OFX, AZM. with multiple antibiotic resistance index of 2.5, E. coli with 21 isolates were resistant to LEV, CXT, SPX, CIP, AMC, AUG, GEN, PFX, OFX, AZM. with multiple antibiotic resistance index of 4.761, Shigella 8 isolates were resistant to CXT, SPX, CIP, AMC, AUG, AZM. with multiple antibiotic resistance index of 7.5.
Conclusion: The organisms show high resistance to Cefotaxime, Sparfloxacin, Amoxacillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Augmentin. This could have implications on human health through the possible transfer of antibiotic resistant genes in contaminated food chain.

Key words: culture, Feaces, pigs, Enterobacteriaceae, MARI.